Mbese, uzi neza Shafani n’umuryango we?

MU GIHE wasomaga Bibiliya, waba warigeze ubona imirongo y’Ibyanditswe yerekeza kuri Shafani na bamwe mu bari bagize umuryango we wari ukomeye? Bari bantu ki? Ni iki bakoze? Ni irihe somo twabakuraho?

Bibiliya itubwira ibya “Shafani mwene Asaliya mwene Meshulamu” bwa mbere mu nkuru ivuga uko Yosiya yashubijeho ugusenga k’ukuri ahagana mu mwaka wa 642 M.I.C. (2 Abami 22:3). Mu gihe cy’imyaka 36 yakurikiyeho kugeza ku isenyuka rya Yerusalemu mu mwaka wa 607 M.I.C., tubwirwa iby’abahungu be bane, ari bo Ahikamu, Elasa, Gemariya na Yazaniya hamwe n’abuzukuru be babiri, Mikaya na Gedaliya. (Reba igisekuru cya Shafani.) Hari igitabo gisobanura kiti “abo mu muryango wa Shafani ni bo bari biganje mu buyobozi bwo [mu bwami bwa Yuda] kandi ni bo bavagamo abanditsi b’umwami guhera mu gihe cya Yosiya kugeza igihe cyo kujyanwa mu bunyage” (Encyclopaedia Judaica). Kongera gusuzuma icyo Bibiliya ivuga kuri Shafani n’umuryango we, biradufasha gusobanukirwa uko bashyigikiye umuhanuzi Yeremiya na gahunda yo gusenga Yehova mu kuri.

Shafani ashyigikira ugusenga k’ukuri

Igihe umwami Yosiya yari afite imyaka 25 mu mwaka wa 642 M.I.C., Shafani yari umunyamabanga n’umwanditsi w’umwami (Yeremiya 36:10). Iyo myanya yari ikubiyemo iki? Cya gitabo twavuze haruguru, kivuga ko umwanditsi n’umunyamabanga w’ibwami yari umujyanama wa bugufi w’umwami; ni we wabaga ashinzwe iby’amafaranga; yabaga ashoboye iby’ububanyi n’amahanga, azi amategeko mpuzamahanga kandi afite n’ubumenyi mu by’ubucuruzi. Ku bw’ibyo, kuba Shafani yari umunyamabanga w’umwami byatumye aba umwe mu bantu bakomeye ibwami.

Mu myaka icumi mbere y’aho, Yosiya wari ukiri muto “yatangiye gushaka Imana ya sekuruza Dawidi.” Uko bigaragara, Shafani yarutaga cyane Yosiya; ni na yo mpamvu yashoboraga kumugira inama nziza zo mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi akamushyigikira mu gikorwa cya mbere cyo kugarura ugusenga k’ukuri. *—2 Ngoma 34:1-8.

Mu gihe basanaga urusengero, batoraguye “igitabo cy’amategeko” maze Shafani “agisomera imbere y’umwami.” Yosiya amaze kumva ibiri muri icyo gitabo yagize ubwoba, maze yohereza intumwa zigizwe n’abagabo bizerwa ku muhanuzikazi Hulida kugira ngo ababarize Yehova ibihereranye n’icyo gitabo. Umwami yagiriye icyizere Shafani n’umuhungu we Ahikamu abashyira muri izo ntumwa.—2 Abami 22:8-14; 2 Ngoma 34:14-22.

Aho ni ho honyine mu Byanditswe hagaragazwa ibyo Shafani ubwe yakoze. Indi mirongo ya Bibiliya imwerekezaho ivuga abana be cyangwa abuzukuru be. Abakomotse kuri Shafani bagiranye na Yeremiya imishyikirano ya bugufi cyane.

Ahikamu na Gedaliya

Nk’uko twamaze kubivuga, Ahikamu umuhungu wa Shafani, avugwa bwa mbere mu  ntumwa zoherejwe ku muhanuzikazi Hulida. Hari igitabo kigira kiti “nubwo umwanya Ahikamu yari afite utagaragara muri Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo, biragaragara ko yari umuntu ukomeye.”

Hashize imyaka 15 ibyo bibaye, Yeremiya yari mu mazi abira. Igihe yaburiraga abantu ababwira ko Yehova yari hafi kurimbura Yerusalemu, ‘abatambyi n’abahanuzi na rubanda rwose baramufashe bati “turakwica nta kabuza.” ’ Hanyuma byagenze bite? Inkuru ikomeza igira iti “Ahikamu mwene Shafani arengera Yeremiya, kugira ngo batamutanga mu maboko ya rubanda ngo bamwice” (Yeremiya 26:1-24). Ni iki ibyo bigaragaza? Hari igitabo kigira kiti “ibyo bintu ntibigaragaza gusa ko Ahikamu yari akomeye, ahubwo nanone bigaragaza ko we n’abandi bari bagize umuryango wa Shafani bakundaga Yeremiya.”—The Anchor Bible Dictionary.

Hashize imyaka igera kuri 20 nyuma y’aho, Abanyababuloni barimbuye Yerusalemu mu mwaka wa 607 M.I.C., kandi bajyana abenshi mu bantu baho ho iminyago; Gedaliya umwuzukuru wa Shafani, umuhungu wa Ahikamu, yagizwe umutegetsi w’Abayahudi bari basigaye batajyanywe mu bunyage. Mbese, yaba yaritaye kuri Yeremiya nk’uko abandi bari bagize umuryango wa Shafani babigenje? Inkuru ya Bibiliya igira iti “maze Yeremiya asanga Gedaliya mwene Ahikamu i Misipa, kandi abana na we muri rubanda rwari rusigaye mu gihugu.” Mu mezi make yakurikiyeho, Gedaliya yarishwe maze Abayahudi basigaye bahungira mu Misiri bajyanye na Yeremiya.—Yeremiya 40:5-7; 41:1, 2; 43:4-7.

Gemariya na Mikaya

Umuhungu wa Shafani ari we Gemariya, n’umwuzukuru we Mikaya, bagize uruhare rw’ingenzi mu bivugwa muri Yeremiya igice cya 36. Hari ahagana mu mwaka wa 624 M.I.C., mu mwaka wa gatanu wo ku ngoma ya Yehoyakimu. Baruki, umwanditsi wa Yeremiya, yasomeye mu nzu ya Yehova amagambo ya Yeremiya “mu cyumba cya Gemariya mwene Shafani.” Nuko ‘Mikaya mwene Gemariya, mwene Shafani, yumva amagambo y’Uwiteka yose yanditse mu gitabo.’—Yeremiya 36:9-11.

Mikaya yabwiye se n’ibikomangoma byose iby’uwo muzingo, maze bose bifuza kumva ibyo wavugaga. Babyifashemo bate? Inkuru igira iti “nuko, bamaze kumva amagambo yose, bararebana bafite ubwoba, babwira Baruki bati ‘ni ukuri tuzabwira umwami ayo magambo yose.’ ” Ariko kandi mbere y’uko babibwira umwami, bagiriye Baruki inama bagira bati “genda wihishe, wowe na Yeremiya; hatagira umuntu umenya aho muri.”—Yeremiya 36:12-19.

Nk’uko bari babyiteze, umwami yanze ubutumwa bwari muri uwo muzingo, maze arawutanyagura arawutwika. Bamwe mu  bikomangoma barimo na Gemariya umuhungu wa Shafani, “bari binginze umwami ngo ye gutwika umuzingo; ariko ntiyabakundira” (Yeremiya 36:21-25). Hari igitabo gitanga umwanzuro ugira uti “Gemariya ni we muntu wari ukomeye mu rugo rw’Umwami Yehoyakimu wari ushyigikiye Yeremiya.”—Jeremiah—An Archaeological Companion.

Elasa na Yazaniya

Mu mwaka wa 617 M.I.C., Babuloni yigaruriye Ubwami bwa Yuda. Abayahudi babarirwa mu bihumbi, “ibikomangoma n’abanyambaraga bose n’intwari . . . abanyabukorikori b’abahanga n’abacuzi,” bajyanwa mu bunyage, harimo n’umuhanuzi Ezekiyeli. Mataniya, uwo Abanyababuloni bahinduriye izina bakamwita Sedekiya, yabaye igisonga cy’umwami w’i Babuloni (2 Abami 24:12-17). Hanyuma y’aho, Sedekiya yohereje i Babuloni intumwa zarimo Elasa umuhungu wa Shafani. Yeremiya yahaye Elasa ibaruwa yarimo ubutumwa bukomeye bwari buturutse kuri Yehova bugenewe Abayahudi bari barajyanyweho iminyago.—Yeremiya 29:1-3.

Bityo rero, inkuru ya Bibiliya igaragaza ko Shafani, abahungu be batatu n’abuzukuru be babiri bakoresheje imyanya bari bafite kugira ngo bashyigikire ugusenga k’ukuri n’umuhanuzi wizerwa Yeremiya. Bite se ku bihereranye n’umuhungu wa Shafani, witwaga Yazaniya? We yari atandukanye n’abandi bari bagize umuryango wa Shafani; uko bigaragara we yasengaga ibigirwamana. Mu mwaka wa gatandatu Ezekiyeli ari mu bunyage i Babuloni, ni ukuvuga ahagana mu mwaka wa 612 M.I.C., uwo muhanuzi yeretswe abagabo 70 boserezaga ibigirwamana imibavu mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu. Muri bo harimo Yazaniya, ari na we wenyine wavuzwe mu izina. Ibyo bishobora kuba bishaka kuvuga ko yari ku isonga ry’ako gatsiko (Ezekiyeli 8:1, 9-12). Urugero rwa Yazaniya rugaragaza ko kurererwa mu muryango wubaha Imana bidahamya ko umuntu azaba uwizerwa mu gusenga Yehova byanze bikunze. Buri wese azabazwa ibyo yakoze.—2 Abakorinto 5:10.

Amateka ya Shafani n’umuryango we

Mu gihe Shafani n’abari bagize umuryango we bagiraga uruhare mu byaberaga i Yerusalemu, i Buyuda bari baramenyereye gukoresha za kashe. Zakoreshwaga mu cyimbo cyo gutanga abagabo cyagwa mu gushyira ikimenyetso ku nyandiko kandi zakorwaga mu mabuye y’agaciro, mu byuma, mu mahembe y’inzovu cyangwa mu birahuri. Akenshi, kashe yabaga iriho izina rya nyirayo, irya se, kandi rimwe na rimwe yabaga iriho icyo nyirayo yakoraga.

 Habonetse ibibumbano bibarirwa mu magana biriho kashe za Giheburayo. Intiti mu byo gusesengura inyandiko za kera za Giheburayo yitwa Nahman Avigad, avuga ko “inyandiko ziriho kashe ari zo nyandiko za kera za Giheburayo zonyine zigaragaza amazina y’abantu bavugwa muri Bibiliya.” Mbese, haba harabonetse za kashe za Shafani cyangwa abari bagize umuryango we? Yego rwose; izina rya Shafani n’iry’umuhungu we Gemariya agaragara kuri kashe iri ku ipaji ya 19 n’iya 21.

Nanone kandi, intiti zivuga ko bishoboka ko hari abandi bantu bane mu bari bagize umuryango wa Shafani na bo bagaragara kuri za kashe. Azaliya se wa Shafani; Ahikamu na Gemariya abahungu ba Shafani; na Gedaliya, uko bigaragara bavugwa muri kashe igaragaza “abatware b’imiryango.” Babona ko iya kane muri izo kashe yari iy’umwuzukuru wa Shafani ari we Gedaliya, nubwo itagaragaraho se ari we Ahikamu. Umwanya wa Gedaliya uboneka kuri iyo kashe, ugaragaza ko yari umwe mu batware bakuru b’ibwami.

Ni irihe somo twabavanaho?

Mbega ukuntu Shafani n’abari bagize umuryango we batanze urugero rwiza mu gukoresha imyanya bari bafite mu gushyigikira ugusenga k’ukuri n’umuntu wizerwa Yeremiya! Natwe dushobora gukoresha imitungo yacu n’imyanya dufite mu gushyigikira umuteguro wa Yehova n’abo duhuje ukwizera.

Gusoma Bibiliya buri gihe no kuyisuzumana ubwitonzi biduha inyungu nyinshi bikanadutera inkunga, kandi bituma tumenya neza bene abo Bahamya ba kera nka Shafani n’abari bagize umuryango we. Na bo bari mu bagize “igicucu cy’abahamya” benshi badusigiye urugero dushobora kwigana.—Abaheburayo 12:1.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 22]

Hulida yari umuhanuzikazi ukomeye

Umwami Yosiya amaze kumva ibyo bamusomeye mu ‘gitabo cy’amategeko’ cyari cyabonetse mu rusengero, yategetse Shafani n’abandi batware bane bakomeye kujya ‘kumubariza Uwiteka’ ibihereranye n’icyo gitabo (2 Abami 22:8-20). Ni hehe izo ntumwa zari kubona igisubizo? Yeremiya wenda na Nahumu na Zefaniya, bose bakaba bari abahanuzi n’abanditsi ba Bibiliya, bashobora kuba bari bagituye i Buyuda. Icyakora, izo ntumwa zasanze umuhanuzikazi Hulida.

Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “ikintu gitangaje ku byabaye icyo gihe, ni uko muri iyo nkuru ibyo kuba uwo muzingo warajyaniwe umugore aho kujyanirwa umuhanuzi w’umugabo, abantu batigeze babitindaho na busa. Nta n’umwe mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose wigeze atekereza ko byari bidakwiriye ko intumwa zigizwe n’abagabo gusa zafata umuzingo w’Amategeko zikawushyira umugore ngo asuzume ibiwukubiyemo. Igihe Hulida yatangazaga ko uwo muzingo wari ijambo ry’Umwami, nta muntu n’umwe wigeze akemanga ububasha bwe kuri icyo kibazo. Akenshi, intiti zirengagiza iyo nkuru iyo zigaragaza uruhare umugore yari afite muri Isirayeli ya kera.” Birumvikana ariko ko ubutumwa bahawe bwari buturutse kuri Yehova.​—Jerusalem—An Archaeological Biography.

[Imbonerahamwe/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 21]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)

Igisekuru cya Shafani

Meshulamu

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Asaliya

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Shafani

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Ahikamu Elasa Gemariya Yazaniya

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Gedaliya Mikaya

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Gemariya n’abandi binginze Yehoyakimu ngo ye gutwika umuzingo wa Yeremiya

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Nubwo Yazaniya yari umwe mu bari bagize umuryango wa Shafani, yabonetse mu iyerekwa ry’abasengaga ibigirwamana

[[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 19 yavuye]

Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na Israel Antiquities Authority

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Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na Israel Antiquities Authority