Bushe Lesa Alibika Amano ku Banakashi?

“Umwanakashi e walenga kube ulubembu, kabili pa mulandu wakwe tulafwa.”—E FYO ICALEMBWA CA ECCLESIASTICUS CILANDA, ICA MU MA 100 B.C.E.

“Ni we pitilo lya kwa Satana: ni we walengele umwaume alye icisabo ico Lesa akeenye: ni we wabalilepo ukupula amafunde ya kwa Lesa . . . Ni we waonawile umwaume uo Lesa apangile mu cipasho cakwe.”—E FYALEMBELE TERTULLIAN, MU CITABO CITILA ON THE APPAREL OF WOMEN, MU MA 100 C.E.

IFI fyalembwa te fya mu Baibolo. Pa myaka iingi sana balafibomfya pa kulanga ukuti ukucusha abanakashi kwaliba fye bwino. Na muno nshiku mwine, bamo balambula ifyalembwa fya mu mipepele yabo pa kulanga ukuti ukucusha abanakashi takwabipa, batila abanakashi e balenga ukuti abantu balecula. Bushe Lesa afwaya ukuti abaume balecusha abanakashi no kubapumya muli uyu musango? Finshi Baibolo yalandapo? Natumone.

◼ Bushe Lesa alitiipa abanakashi?

Iyo. Lelo “cisoka ca pa kutendeka, iciitwa Kaseebanya kabili Satana,” e co Lesa ‘atiipile.’ (Ukusokolola 12:9; Ukutendeka 3:14) Ilyo Lesa atile Adamu ali no ‘kulateka’ umukashi wakwe, talepilibula ukuti caliba fye bwino umwaume ukulacusha umwanakashi. (Ukutendeka 3:16) Alesobela fye ifyabipa ifyali no kufuma mu lubembu ulo abantu ba kubalilapo babili bacitile.

Kanshi icalenga ukuti abanakashi balebacusha, lubembu te kutila Lesa e fyo alefwaya. Baibolo tailanda ukuti abanakashi bafwile ukulatekwa na baume pa kuti bafuute pa lubembu lwacitile abantu babili aba kubalilapo.—Abena Roma 5:12.

◼ Bushe umwaume bamupangile uwacila pa mwanakashi?

Awe. Pa Ukutendeka 1:27 patila: “E lyo Lesa abumbile umuntu mu cipasho cakwe, mu cipasho cakwe e mo amubumbiile; umwaume no mwanakashi e fyo ababumbile.” E co ukutula fye pa kutendeka, abantu bonse, umwaume no mwanakashi, babapangile ukuti balepashanya imibele ya kwa Lesa. Nangu ca kuti Adamu na Efa balipusene mu mimonekele ne mitontonkanishishe, bonse babapeele fye amafunde yamo yene kabili Kabumba wabo alebamona fye cimo cine.—Ukutendeka 1:28-31.

Ilyo Lesa talapanga Efa, alandile ukuti: “Nalabumba [uwakwafwa Adamu], kabili umunankwe.” (Ukutendeka 2:18) Bushe ishiwi lya kuti “umunankwe” lilepilibula ukuti umwaume alicila pa mwanakashi? Awe nakalya. Tontonkanyeni  pa fyo badokota na banasi babombela pamo ilyo balebombela umulwele. Bushe badokota kuti babomba ukwabula banasi? Iyo! Te kuti tutile badokota e bacindama pa mulandu wa kuti e balepula umulwele. E fyo na Lesa apangile umwaume no mwanakashi, tabapangile ukuti balecimfyanya lelo abapangile ukuti balebombela pamo.—Ukutendeka 2:24.

◼ Finshi filanga ukuti Lesa alibika amano ku banakashi?

Apo Lesa alimwenene kabela ifyabipa ifyo abaume ababembu bengacita, alibikileko amafunde aya kucingilila abanakashi. Ilyo Laure Aynard alelanda pa Mafunde ya kwa Mose ayo Lesa apeele abena Israele muli ba 1500 B.C.E., alembele mu citabo ica La Bible au féminin (Ifyo Baibolo Ilanda pa Banakashi) ukuti: “Ilingi line, Amafunde ya kwa Mose nga yalelanda pa banakashi, ninshi yalelanda pa kubacingilila.”

Ku ca kumwenako, Amafunde yatile ulecindika wiso na noko. (Ukufuma 20:12; 21:15, 17) Kabili yatile bali no kulalangulukilako sana abanakashi abali pa bukulu. (Ukufuma 21:22) Na muno nshiku mwine, aya mafunde ya kwa Lesa yalicila sana na pa nsambu isho abanakashi babatana mu fyalo fimo. Lelo kuli na fimbi ifilanga ukuti Lesa alibika amano ku banakashi.

Ifunde Ililanga Ifyo Lesa Amona Abanakashi

Amafunde ayo Yehova Lesa apeele abena Israele yaleafwa bonse, abaume na banakashi, ukuba no bumi ubusuma, ukuba abasanguluka, no kutwalilila ukuba ifibusa fya kwa Lesa. Lyonse abena Israele baleba “pa muulu wa nko shimbi isha pano isonde” kulila fye baleumfwila amafunde ya kwa Lesa. (Amalango 28:1, 2) Bushe ni nsambu nshi abanakashi bakwete pa nshita balekonka Amafunde ya kwa Mose? Tontonkanyeni pa fyakonkapo:

1. Balikwete ubuntungwa. Ukupusanako na banakashi baleikala mu fyalo fimbi, abanakashi abena Israele bali abantungwa sana. Nangu cingati umulume e o bapeele umulimo wa kuba umutwe wa lupwa, umukashi, balemucetekela ku mulume ica kutila kuti “abebeta ibala no kulishita” kabili kuti ‘alima ibala lya myangashi.’  Nga ca kuti alishibe sana ukupanga ubushishi no kupikula, alikwete ne nsambu sha kuicitila amakwebo. (Amapinda 31:11, 16-19) Mu Mafunde ya kwa Mose, abanakashi balikwete ubuntungwa bwa kuicitila ifintu abene, tabali no kulashintilila pa baume lyonse.

Mu nshita ya bena Israele, abanakashi nabo bene bali bantungwa ukuba ifibusa fya kwa Lesa. Baibolo yalilanda pali Hana uwalepepa kuli Lesa pa fintu ifyali ku mutima wakwe kabili ukwabula ukuti nangu umo eshibe alilapile umulapo kuli Lesa. (1 Samwele 1:11, 24-28) Umwanakashi uwa ku Shunemu aleya ku kwipusha kasesema Elisha pa nshiku sha Masabata. (2 Ishamfumu 4:22-25) Lesa alisalile abanakashi bamo pamo nga Debora na Hulda ukuba abapingushi nelyo bakasesema. Kabili abaume balumbuka na bashimapepo baleya mu kupandwa amano kuli aba banakashi.—Abapingushi 4:4-8; 2 Ishamfumu 22:14-16, 20.

2. Balikwete ishuko lya kusambilila. Apo abanakashi e mo bali mu cipangano ce Funde, nabo bene balesangwako ilyo Amafunde yalebelengwa. Ici calelenga bakwata ishuko lya kusambilila. (Amalango 31:12; Nehemia 8:2, 8) Na kabili balesambilila na fimo ifyo balingile ukucita ilyo kuli ukupepela capamo. Ku ca kumwenako, kwaliko abanakashi bamo “abali abaiteyanya mu mulimo balebomba” pa cikuulwa ca mushilo, e lyo bambi bali mwi bumba lya bakemba umwali abaume na banakashi.—Ukufuma 38:8; 1 Imilandu 25:5, 6.

Abanakashi abengi balishibe ifya kucita amakwebo aya kuti balesangamo ne cibwesha. (Amapinda 31:24) Mu nko shimbi abalesambilisha abana abaume ni bashibo epela, lelo mu bena Israele, abafyashi abanakashi nabo bene balikwete ishuko lya kusambilisha abana abaume ukufikila bakula. (Amapinda 31:1) Kanshi abena Israele abanakashi bali abasambilila.

3. Balicindikwe. Mu Mafunde 10 ayo Lesa apeele abena Israele, alibebele ukuti: “Ulecindika wiso na noko.” (Ukufuma 20:12) Amapinda ayo Imfumu ya mano Solomone yalandile, yatila:  “We mwana wandi, umfwila ukusalapula kwa kwa wiso, kabili wisuula amafunde ya kwa noko.”—Amapinda 1:8.

Na kabili Amafunde yalilandile na pa fyo umwaume uushaupa alingile ukulamona umwanakashi uushaupwa, no kutila umwaume talingile ukucita icabipa ku mwanakashi. (Ubwina Lebi 18:6, 9; Amalango 22:25, 26) Umulume musuma, alingile ukulalangulukilako umukashi wakwe, ukwishiba bwino ifyo engacita ne fyo ashingacita.—Ubwina Lebi 18:19.

4. Balecingililwa. Mu Cebo cakwe, Yehova ali-ilondolola ukuti ni “wishi wa bana ba nshiwa kabili uwa kulubulwilako bamukamfwilwa.” Mu mashiwi yambi ali ni Kacingilila wa bantu abashakwete bashibo nelyo abalume aba kubacingilila. (Amalumbo 68:5; Amalango 10:17, 18) E fyo cali na lintu mukamfwilwa uwali muka kasesema balemucusha ku muntu uo bakwatile imisha. Yehova alicitile icipesha amano pa kuti mukamfwilwa takandilwe no kuseebana.—2 Ishamfumu 4:1-7.

Ilyo abena Israele bashilaingila mu Calo ca Bulayo, Selofehadi alifwile ukwabula ukukwatapo umwana umwaume. Abana bakwe abanakashi basano balombele Mose ukuti abapeele “impanga” mu Calo ca Bulayo. Yehova alibapeele ifingi ukucila na pa fyo balombele. Aebele Mose ati: “Ubapeele impanga mu kati ka bamunyina ba kwa shibo, kabili ukabapeele impanga ya kwa shibo.” Ukufuma lilya abena Israele abanakashi balikwete ishuko lya kupyana ifyo bashibo bashiile kabili na bana babo nabo bali no kufipyana.—Impendwa 27:1-8.

Ifisambilisho fya Bufi Ifyapusana ne fyo Lesa Amona Abanakashi

Mu Mafunde ya kwa Mose, abanakashi balicindikwe kabili ne nsambu shabo shalicindikwe. Lelo, ukufuma muli ba 300 B.C.E., imipepele ya baYuda yatendeke ukukonka intambi sha baGriki abasuulile abanakashi.—Belengeni akabokoshi kaleti: “Ifyo Ifyalembwa fya Kale Fyalanda pa Kucusha Abanakashi.”

Ku ca kumwenako, Hesiod, kalemba wa mishikakulo umuGriki (uwaliko muli ba 700 B.C.E.) atile, abanakashi e balenga ukuti abantunse balecula. Mu citabo cakwe ica Theogony alandile “pa bantu ababipa nelyo abanakashi abekala pamo na baume abena kufwa kabili abalenga amafya ya baume ukubipilako.” Ifi e fyo aba mu mipepele ya baYuda abengi basuminemo mu ma 100 B.C.E. Mu citabo ca Talmud, icalembelwe ukutendeka muli ba 100 C.E. mwaba aya mashiwi ya kusoka abaume: “Mwilalanda sana na banakashi, pantu kuti mwasuka mwacita ubulalelale.”

Pa myaka iingi, ukusuula abanakashi muli uyu musango kwalikumine sana ifyo abaYuda balemona incito ya banakashi mu mikalile yabo. Mu nshiku sha kwa Yesu, abanakashi nga bali pe tempele, tabalebasuminisha ukuya ukuli konse kano fye mu Lubansa lwa Banakashi.  Baume fye epela e balesambilila ifya mapepo, kabili mu masunagoge abaume na banakashi tabaleikala pamo. Muli Talmud balilandapo pali Kafundisha umo umuYuda uwatile: “Umuntu onse uulesambilisha umwana wakwe umwanakashi Tora [Amafunde] ninshi alemusambilisha fye ifye shiku.” Apo bashimapepo abaYuda balesambilisha ifya bufi pa fyo Lesa amona abanakashi, abaume abengi balipatile sana abanakashi.

Ilyo Yesu ali pano calo, alimwene ukuti mu ntambi isho abantu balekonka mwali akapaatulula ka musango uyu. (Mateo 15:6, 9; 26:7-11) Bushe ifisambilisho fya musango uyu fyalilengele Yesu ukwaluka mu fyo alemona abanakashi? Finshi twingasambililako ku fyo acitile? Bushe amasambilisho ya Bena Kristu ba cine yalilenga abanakashi ukulubukako ku ntambi sha musango uyu? Icipande cikonkelepo calayasuka ifi fipusho.

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Ifyo Ifyalembwa fya Kale Fyalanda pa Kucusha Abanakashi

Ukufuma mu nshiku sha batumwa, bakalemba pamo nga Philo uwa ku Alexandria, batendeke ukubomfya ifisambilisho fya bufi ifya baGriki ku kulondolola cipya cipya ifyaba mwi buuku lya Ukutendeka. Philo ena aleti ico Efa acitile bulalelale kabili e calengele no kutila “bamupoke ubuntungwa e lyo no kulatungululwa no mwaume uwalingile ukuba umunankwe.” Ukusuula abanakashi muli uyu musango kwaliseekele mu mipepele ya baYuda na mu fyalembwa ifya bashimapepo.

Mu fyalembwa fya baYuda ifya Midrash Rabba, ifyalembelwe muli ba 100 C.E., shimapepo umuYuda alilandile umulandu alemwena ukuti abanakashi bafwile ukulaifimba ku mutwe. Atile: “Pantu umwanakashi aba kwati muntu uubembwike uuleumfwa insoni kabili talefwaya na kumona abantu.” Tertullian, uwasambilile ifya mapepo kabili uwalembele ifyo abantu balekonka sana muli ba 100 C.E., alesambilisha ukuti abanakashi bafwile ukulaenda “aba bulanda bulanda no kulamoneka ukuti balomfwa ububi pa fyo bacitile.” Ifisambilisho fya musango uyu, ifyo abengi bamona kwati fya mu Baibolo, e fyalenga abaume ukusuula abanakashi no kulabacusha.

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Efa bamupangile ukuti abe kaafwa kabili umunankwe wa kwa Adamu

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Abena Israele abanakashi balecita amakwebo