Olivétan​—“Mung’anamuri Mucoko Wakujiyuyura” wa Baibolo la Cifurenci

Pakaŵa pa Seputembala 13, 1540. Ŵapolisi ŵakasecanga mu nyumba ya Collin Pellenc. Mu cipinda cinyake cakubisika ŵakasangamo vimapepara vyakukayikiska na buku linyake likuru. Pa peji laciŵiri mu buku ili pakalembeka kuti: “P. Robert Olivetanus, mung’anamuri mucoko wakujiyuyura.” Likaŵa Baibolo la Ŵawadensi. Collin Pellenc wakakakika, wakasangika na mulandu wakuti ngwakugaluka ndipo ŵakamukoma mwakucita kumocha.

NGA umo vikaŵira ku vigaŵa vinyake vya ku Europe, ku France nako Chalichi la Katolika likapenjanga ŵanthu awo ŵakaligalukira. Cilato ca Chalichi ili cikaŵa cakuti limazge visambizgo vya ŵanthu aŵa ivyo likatenge ni “vyacigaluka.” Yumoza mwa awo ŵakagaluka ku Katolika wakaŵa Guillaume Farel. Munthu uyu wakaŵikapo mtima comene kuti waguze ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakayowoyanga Cifurenci kuti ŵapulikire maghanoghano gha Martin Luther, uyo wakalongozganga awo ŵakagalukira Chalichi la Katolika. Farel uyo wakafumira ku cigaŵa ca Dauphiné ico cili kumwera kwa France, wakamanyanga kuti mabuku ndigho ghangasintha comene maghanoghano gha ŵanthu. Kuti wafiske ivyo wakakhumbanga, wakakhumbikwiranga mabuku, mathirakiti, na Mabaibolo. Kweni kasi ndalama zakucitira vyose ivi zifumenge nkhu? Wakaghanaghana vya kukapempha wovwiri ku mpingo wa Ŵawadensi, uwo ukaŵa wakwima pawekha ndipo ukapharazganga vya mu Baibolo.

Ungano wa ku Chanforan

Ca mukatikati mwa Seputembala 1532, ŵaliska ŵa mpingo wa Ŵawadensi ŵakacitiska ungano mu muzi wa Chanforan kufupi na msumba wa Turin, ku Italy. Kwa vilimika vinandi, Ŵawadensi na ŵalongozgi ŵa awo ŵakagaluka mu Katolika ŵakacezgerananga. Ntheura Farel na ŵanyake ŵanandiko ŵakacemeka ku ungano uwu. Ŵawadensi ŵakakhumbanga kumanya usange visambizgo vyawo vikukolerana na vya Luther na ŵasambiri ŵake. *

Ku Chanforan, Farel wakayowoya fundo zakukhorweska. Apo ŵalongozgi ŵa mpingo wa Ŵawadensi ŵakamulongora Mabaibolo ghawo ghakale ghakulemba pa mawoko mu ciyowoyero cawo, Farel wakaŵakhorweska kuti ŵapeleke ndalama mwakuti Baibolo la Cifurenci lisindikizgike. Mwakupambanako na Baibolo ilo likang’anamurika mu 1523 na Lefèvre d’Étaples kufuma ku Cilatini, Baibolo ili likenera kung’anamulika kufuma mu Cihebere na Cigiriki cakwambilira. Kweni ni njani uyo wakate wacitenge mulimo uwu?

Farel wakamanyanga munthu uyo wangacita mulimo uwu. Zina lake likaŵa Pierre Robert, kweni wakamanyikwanga kuti Olivétan *. Iyo wakaŵa msambizgi wacinyamata, ndipo wakababikira ku Picardy, kumpoto kwa France. Olivétan, uyo wakaŵa mbali wa John Calvin, wakaŵa yumoza mwa ŵanthu ŵakwambilira awo ŵakagaluka ku Katolika, ndipo wakaŵa munthu wakugomezgeka comene. Kweniso wakakhala vilimika vinandi ku Strasbourg,  uko wakafwilirapo kusambira viyowoyero vyakwambilira ivyo Baibolo likalembekeramo.

Nga ni Farel na ŵanyake ŵanandi, Olivétan nayo wakacimbilira ku Switzerland. Ŵabwezi ŵake ŵakamupempha kuti wazomere mulimo wa kung’anamura Baibolo. Wakati wakana kwa nyengo yitali, pamanyuma wakazomera mulimo wa kung’anamura Baibolo, “kufuma mu ciyowoyero ca Cihebere na Cigiriki kuya mu Cifurenci.” Pa nyengo iyi Ŵawadensi ŵakapeleka ndalama zinandi kuti ziwovwire pa mulimo wa kusindikizga Baibolo.

Caholi na Mpheta

Kukwambilira kwa cilimika ca 1534, Olivétan wakakakhala kwayekha ku mapiri ndipo wakambako mulimo uwu. Wakaŵa na mabuku ghanandi kuti ghamovwirenge. Wakaŵa na mabuku ghawemi comene mwakuti nanga ni nkhwantha zamasambiro za mazuŵa ghano zingaghadokera. Ghanyake mwa mabuku agho wakaŵa nagho ni Mabaibolo gha ciyowoyero ca ku Syria, Cigiriki, Cilatini, mabuku ghakulongosora malango gha ŵarabi, mabuku ghakulongosora viyowoyero vya Ŵababuloni, na ghanyake ghanandi. Cakuzirwa comene nchakuti wakaŵa na Baibolo liphya la ku Italy, lakung’anamurika kufuma mu Cihebere cakwambilira.

Pakung’anamura Malemba Ghacigiriki, agho ŵanyake ŵakuti Tesitamenti Lasono, Olivétan wakalondezga kalembero ka Baibolo Lacifurenci lakung’anamurika na Lefèvre d’Étaples, nangauli kanandi wakawonangaso mu Baibolo Lacigiriki lakung’anamurika na Erusmus, wa ku Netherlands. Pakung’anamura Baibolo ili, Olivétan wakasankha mazgu agho ghakuleka kukhozgera vigomezgo vya Chalichi la Katolika. Mwaciyelezgero, wakalemba mazgu ghakuti “mulaŵiliri” m’malo mwa “bishopu,” “cisisi,” m’malo mwa “camucindindi”, ndiposo “mpingo” m’malo mwa “chalichi.”

Pakung’anamura Malemba agho ŵanandi ŵakuti Tesitamenti Lakale, Olivétan wakaŵikapo mtima kung’anamura lizgu na lizgu kufuma mu Cihebere cakwambilira. Mwakuseka waka wakayowoya kuti kung’anamura Cihebere kuya mu Cifurenci kukaŵa nga “nkhusambizga mpheta kuti yilirenge nga ni caholi.”

Pakung’anamura malemba gha Cihebere, kanandi waka Olivétan wakasanga zina la Ciuta mu vilembo vinayi vya Cihebere vyakucemeka Tetragrammaton. Wakasankha kuling’anamura kuti “Wamuyirayira,” ndipo lizgu ili ndilo likamba kulembeka mu Mabaibolo ghanandi gha Cifurenci. Kweni mu malo ghanyake, nga mpha Exodus 6:3, wakasankha kulemba kuti “Yehova.”

Kuzakafika pa Febuluwale 12, 1535, pakati pajumpha cilimika cimoza, wakamalizga mulimo wake wa kung’anamura. Pakuti wakazomera kuti “wakacita yekha nchito yose ya kung’anamura,” nchakuwonekerathu kuti cilimika ca 1534/1535 cikaŵa cakuvuska comene. Mwakujiyuyura, mung’anamuri uyu wakati: “Nacita vyose ivyo ningakwaniska.” Ico cikakhalako nchakuti Baibolo lakwamba mu Cifurenci ilo likang’anamurika kufuma ku Cihebere na Cigiriki cakwambilira lisindikizgike.

Ku Nyumba ya Pirot

Pierre de Wingle uyo wakamanyikwangaso kuti Pirot Picard, ndipo wakaŵa mubwezi wa Farel kweniso wakasindikizganga mabuku ghakususkana na Chalichi la Katolika, wakawoneka kuti wangawovwirapo. Chalichi la Katolika likati lamucimbizga ku Lyon, wakakhala ku Neuchátel ku Switzerland mu 1533. Ŵawadensi ŵakati ŵamovwira na ndalama, wakamba kusindikizga mabuku ghanandi agho Ŵakatolika ŵakawonanga kuti “ngakugaluska.” Mwaciyelezgero, ndiyo wakasindikizga vimapepara vyakususka Misa, ndipo vinyake mwa vimapepara ivi vikafika kwa Themba Francis I la ku France, ilo likaŵa la Katolika.

 De Wingle wakambaso mulimo wake wa kusindikizga, kweni pa nyengo iyi wakasindikizganga Baibolo. Kuti mulimo wa kusindikizga Baibolo wende luŵiro, pakaŵa makina ghaŵiri, ndipo pa makina yimoza pakaŵanga ŵanthu ŵanayi panji ŵankhondi, ŵakatayipanga na kusindikizga. Paumaliro, pa Juni 4, 1535, de Wingle wakasayina kuti wamalizga kusindikizga Baibolo la Olivétan. Pa mazgu ghakwambilira gha mu Baibolo ili, Olivétan wakayowoya kuti Baibolo ili wakang’anamulira ŵanthu ŵakavu awo “ŵakayuzgikanga na kunyekezgeka” na “tumaluso twawakawaka.”

Baibolo likati lamara kusindikizgika, vyose vikaŵa nga umo ŵakakhumbiranga. Likaŵa lakukondweska kweniso likalembeka mu Cifurenci cambura kusuzga kuŵazga. Vimalembo vya mu Baibolo ili vikaŵa vyakuwoneka makora ndipo malemba ghakagaŵika mu vipaturo na ndime. Fundo zakulongosora mazgu ghanyake agho wakalemba zikalongora kuti wakayimanyanga nchito. Mazgu ghakwambilira, vyakusazgirapo, machati, na ndakaturo izo zikaŵamo vikulongora kuti Baibolo ili likang’anamurika mwaluso. Pa peji laumaliro la Baibolo ili pali mazgu ghakuti, “Ŵawadensi, awo ŵakupharazga makani ghawemi, ŵakanozga cawanangwa ici kuti cifikire waliyose.”

Likang’anamurika Mwaluso Kweni Likagulika Yayi

Nangauli panyengo yinyake ŵanthu ŵakalinyozanga Baibolo ilo Olivétan wakang’anamura, kweni sono ŵanandi ŵakuti likang’anamurika mwaluso comene. Kwa vilimika 300, ŵanandi awo ŵakang’anamura Mabaibolo ghanyake ŵakawovwirika comene na ivyo Olivétan wakalemba.

Nangauli Mabaibolo pafupifupi 1000 gha Olivétan ghakasindikizgika, kweni ghakenda malonda yayi. Suzgo yikaŵa yakuti pakaŵavya uyo wangaguliska kweniso likasindikizgika panyengo iyo Cifurenci cikasinthanga. Kweniso Baibolo ili likaŵa likuru comene, lizito makilogiramu 5, ndipo likaŵa lakusuzga kuti ŵapharazgi ŵakwendakwenda ndiposo awo ŵakaliŵazganga mwakubisilizga ŵanyamure.

Nangauli Baibolo ili likasangika mu nyumba ya Collin Pellenc, uyo wazunulika kukwambilira kwa nkhani yino, kweni likatondekerathu kwenda malonda. Mu 1670, pakati pajumpha vilimika pafupifupi 150, mu sitoro yakuguliskirako mabuku ku Geneva mukaŵa kuti mucali kuguliskika Baibolo ili.

“Walije Zina Ndipo Palije Uko Wali Kufuma”

Olivétan wakati wamalizga mulimo wake, ŵanandi ŵakamanyanga yayi ivyo wakacitanga. Wakasinthaso vinthu vinyake mu Tesitamenti Lasono na vigaŵa vinyake vya Tesitamenti Lakale, ndipo wakajipa mazina ghanyake pakucita nthena. Kweniso wakaŵikapo mtima comene pa mulimo wake wa kusambizga uwo wakawutemwanga comene. Pakuti wakaŵa msambizgi wamahara, wakanozgaso makora buku lake lakuti Ulongozgi ku Ŵana, lakusambizgira ŵana nkharo yiwemi kweniso likalongosoranga Malemba mu ciyowoyero ca Cifurenci. Wakajipaso zina linyake lamyati lakuti Belisem de Belimakom ilo likung’anamura kuti “Walije Zina Ndipo Palije Uko Wali Kufuma.”

Olivétan wakafwa mu 1538 apo wakaŵa na vilimika vya m’ma 30, ndipo wakwenera kuti wakafwira ku Rome. Mbanthu ŵacoko comene mazuŵa ghano awo ŵakumanya ivyo munyamata wakusambira wa ku Picardy wakacita kuti Baibolo la Cifurenci lithandazgike. Zina lake likusangika viŵi yayi mu madikishonare, nakuti panji mulije. Lekani panji Louys Robert, panji kuti Olivétan, wakaŵa nadi “mung’anamuri mucoko wakujiyuyura.”

[Mazgu ghamusi]

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Archives de la Ville de Neuchâtel, Suisse /Photo: Stefano Iori

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Cithuzithuzi ca kumazere: Alain Leprince - La Piscine-musée Roubaix / Courtesy of the former Bouchard Museum, Paris

Pakati na kumalyero: Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français, Paris

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Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français, Paris