Yintoni ITorah?

DLALA

Yintoni ITorah?

Impendulo esuka eBhayibhileni

Igama lesiNgesi elithi “Torah” livela kwelesiHebhere elithi toh·rahʹ eliguqulelwa ngokuthi ‘umyalelo,’ okanye “umthetho.” a (IMizekeliso 1:8; 3:1; 28:4) Le mizekelo ilandelayo isibonisa indlela elisetyenziswa ngayo eBhayibhileni eli gama lesiHebhere.

Igama iToh·rahʹ libhekisela kwiincwadi ezintlanu zokuqala zeBhayibhile—iGenesis, iEksodus, iLevitikus, iNumeri neDuteronomi. Ezi ncwadi zikwabizwa ngokuba yiPentatiki, igama elivela kwelesiGrike elithetha “Umqulu weencwadi ezintlanu.” ITorah yabhalwa nguMoses, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba ‘yincwadi yoMthetho KaMoses.’ (Yoshuwa 8:31; Nehemiya 8:1) Kuyacaca ukuba, ekuqaleni yayiyincwadi enye kodwa yaye yohlulwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
IToh·rahʹ ikwabhekisela nakumthetho owawunikwe amaSirayeli ngokuphathelele umbandela othile, ‘njengomthetho [itoh·rahʹ] womnikelo wesono,’ “umthetho weqhenqa” ‘nomthetho ngokuphathelele umNaziri.’—Levitikus 6:25; 14:57; Numeri 6:13.
Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi Toh·rahʹ libhekisela kumyalelo nemfundiso evela kumzali, umntu onobulumko okanye uThixo ngokwakhe.—IMizekeliso 1:8; 3:1; 13:14; Isaya 2:3.

Yintoni ebhalwe kwiTorah okanye kwiPentatiki?

Yimbali yendlela uThixo ebebaphethe ngayo abantu ukususela ekudalweni ukuya kutsho ngexesha lokufa kukaMoses.—Genesis 1:27, 28; Duteronomi 34:5.
Imithetho eyayikuMthetho kaMoses. (Eksodus 24:3) Lo Mthetho unemiyalelo engaphezu kweyi-600. Owona uphambili yiShema okanye “ukuvuma ukholo okwenziwa ngamaYuda.” Kwenye indawo iShema ithi: “Uze umthande uYehova uThixo wakho ngentliziyo yakho yonke nangomphefumlo wakho wonke nangamandla akho onke.” (Duteronomi 6:4-9) UYesu wathi “lo ngowona myalelo mkhulu nowokuqala.”—Mateyu 22:36-38.
Igama likaThixo uYehova livela kayi-1 800. Endaweni yokuba ingabavumeli abantu ukuba basebenzise igama likaThixo, iTorah inemithetho eyalela abantu bakaThixo ukuba balibize eli gama.—Numeri 6:22-27; Duteronomi 6:13; 10:8; 21:5.

Izinto ezingachananga ezithethwayo ngeTorah

Into engachananga: Imithetho ebhalwe kwiTorah iya kuhlala ikho, soze ingahoywa.

Inyani: Ezinye iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile zithi xa zithetha ngeminye imithetho ekwiTorah, enjengesabatha, ababingeleli, noMhla Wocamagushelo iya kuhlala ikho “ngonaphakade.” (Eksodus 31:16; 40:15; Levitikus 16:33, 34, iBhayibhile yesiXhosa) Igama lesiHebhere elisetyenzisiweyo kwezi vesi lisenokuthetha ukuhlala zikho de kube lixesha elingaziwayo, kungekhona ixesha elingenasiphelo. b Emva kweminyaka eyi-900 ukho umthetho kaMoses, uThixo wathi wawuza kuthatyathelw’ indawo ‘ngumnqophiso omtsha.’ (Yeremiya 31:31-33) Xa esithi “‘umnqophiso omtsha’ [uThixo] uwenze waphelelwa lixesha lowo wangaphambili.” (Hebhere 8:7-13) Waphelelwa kwiminyaka emalunga neyi-2 000 eyadlulayo, ngenxa yokufa kukaYesu Kristu.—Efese 2:15.

Into engachananga: Izithethe ezazifundiswa nje ngomlomo kunye neTalmud ziyalingana ngegunya neTorah.

Inyani: Abukho ubungqina eZibhalweni obubonisa ukuba uThixo wanika uMoses umthetho ekwakufuneka ewuxelele abantu ukongezelela koko kubhalwe kwiTorah. Kunoko, iBhayibhile ithi: “Waqhubeka wathi uYehova kuMoses: ‘Wabhale phantsi la mazwi.’” (Eksodus 34:27) Umthetho owawufundiswa nje ngomlomo, owathi ekuhambeni kwexesha wabhalwa, ekuqaleni wawusaziwa ngokuba yiMishnah. Kamva waba yiTalmud, ethetha ngezithethe zamaYuda ezaqalwa ngabaFarisi. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zithethe ziyangqubana noko kubhalwe kwiTorah. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uYesu wathi kubaFarisi: “Nilitshitshisile ilizwi likaThixo ngenxa yesithethe senu.”—Mateyu 15:1-9.

Into engachananga: Amabhinqa awamele ayifundiswe iTorah.

Inyani: UMthetho KaMoses wawusithi onke amaSirayeli, kuquka amabhinqa nabantwana, amele awufundelwe wonke uMthetho. Ngoba? ‘Ukuze aphulaphule nokuze afunde, amoyike uYehova uThixo wawo, akunyamekele ukuwenza onke amazwi omthetho.’—Duteronomi 31:10-12. c

Into engachananga: ITorah inemiyalezo efihlakeleyo.

Inyani: UMoses, umbhali weTorah, wathi umyalezo wayo ucacile ibe uqondwa lula ngumntu wonke. (Duteronomi 30:11-14) Le nto ithi iTorah inemiyalezo efihlakeleyo ivela kwiKabbalah, okanye izithethe zonqulo zamaYuda, ezisebenzisa ‘ubuqhetseba’ xa zicacisa iZibhalo. d—2 Peter 1:16.

a Funda iThe Strongest Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible Ehlaziyiweyo, ku-8451, icandelo elithi “Hebrew-Aramaic Dictionary-Index to the Old Testament.”

b Funda iTheological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Umqulu 2, kwiphepha 672-673.

c Ziphikisa le nto ithethwa yiTorah, zona izithethe zamaYuda zazingayivumeli into yokuba abafazi bayifundiswe iTorah. Ngokomzekelo, iMishnah icaphula amazwi kaRabbi uEliezer ben Hyrcanus owathi: “Nabani na ofundisa intombi yakhe iTorah, uyifundisa amanyala.” (Sotah 3:4) IJerusalem Talmud nayo icaphula amazwi akhe athi: “Kungcono itshiswe iphele iTorah kunokuba ifundiswe amabhinqa.”—Sotah 3:19a.

d Ngokomzekelo, iEncyclopaedia Judaica ichaza indlela iKabbalah eyijonga ngayo iTorah, ithi: “ITorah akukho nto ingako ibaluleke ngayo, nakubeni ke inezinto ezithile ebaluleke ngazo kwezinye izinto.”—Uhlelo lwesibini, uMqulu 11, iphepha 659.